Possible complications caused by the facial fill due to the usage of hyaluronic acid in the facial composition

Abstract

Introduction: The facial fill with hyaluronic acid is used in esthetics biomedicine with the intention of achieving facial composition, the mitigation of wrinkles, and the improvement of the facial shape, the smoothing of dark circles and bags and lip size growth. This usage is capable of replace offentimes surgical procedures performing great results, otherwise with a chance of happening unwanted effects. It is very important to the practitioner of this field must understand the possible complications and how to prevent and treat them. Goals:  Investigate the possible complications caused by the facial fill due the usage of hyaluronic acid in the facial composition.  Methodology: Bibliografic revision using periodic portals like Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs, SciElo, Academic Google and PEDro with the key words: facial fill, hyaluronic acid, hyaluronidase, facial anatomy, complications, treatment and its correlates in the period from 1986 to 2019. Results:  The studies showed low incidence of adverse effects with the fill of hyaluronic acid and among them we have edema, hyperemia, bruises, tissue necrosis, shape inequality and discommodity. Conclusion:  A safety of the fill technique using the hyaluronic acid was observed in the facial composition when the practitioner has the knowledge of the patient anatomy and detailed anamnesis, asepsis and the usage of micro cannulas  in order to minimize complications. In case of occurring complications, despite all care, the most of them can be treated with a hyaluridase local shot giving the patient a safe and effective treatment.